TCP Half-Open Connections
A TCP half-open connection, shown in Figure 11-3, is a TCP connection that has not completed the connection establishment process. A SYN segment has been received and a SYN-ACK has been sent, but the final ACK has not been received. Until the final ACK is received, data cannot be sent on the connection.
Figure 11-3. A TCP half-open connection showing the SYN segment and retransmissions of the SYN-ACK segment
Although the SYN-ACK segment contains no data, TCP acts as if the SYN flag occupies a single byte of the sequence space and is treated as data. Therefore, TCP retransmission and time-out behaviors used for recovering ...
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