Notes

Introduction

1. This figure was derived by applying annual turnover rates to total numbers of supervisors and managers in federal, state, and local governments. The total number of employees in these sectors in 2004 was 29.5 million. Supervisors and managers comprised 12 percent of the total. Applying a mean turnover rate of 7.4 percent yielded annual managerial turnover of just over two hundred fifty thousand.

2. R. S. Dumbro and A. Freeman, Seeing Tomorrow: Rewriting the Rules of Risk (New York: John Wiley, 1998), 85.

3. Peter heard a description of this speech, given by Ash during the Ford administration, and was struck by this comment.

4. See M. Watkins, The First 90 Days: Critical Success Strategies for New Leaders at All Levels (Boston: ...

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