RESTful Web Services

Index

A note on the digital index

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Symbols

, (commas)

scoping information, No Hierarchy? Use Commas or Semicolons–Scale

URI design and, URI Design

/ (forward slash)

Django “house style” and, Define Resources and Give Them URIs

using XPath, using, Web Services Are Web Sites

// XPath expressions, Method Information

; (semicolons) scoping information, No Hierarchy? Use Commas or Semicolons–Scale

[ ] (square brackets), using XPath, Web Services Are Web Sites

100 “Continue” response code, 100 (“Continue”)

101 “Switching Protocols” response code, 101 (“Switching Protocols”)

200 “OK” response code, HTTP Response Codes, What’s Supposed to Happen?, What Might Go Wrong?, 200 (“OK”)

database-backed control flow, PUT

modifying resources, What’s Supposed to Happen?

201 “Created” response code, 201 (“Created”)

creating resources, What’s Supposed to Happen?

database-backed control flow, PUT

202 “Accepted” response code, Asynchronous Operations, 202 (“Accepted”)

203 “Non-Authoritative Information” response code, 203 (“Non-Authoritative Information”)

204 “No Content” response code, 204 (“No Content”)

206 “Partial Content” response code, 206 (“Partial Content”)

207 “Multi-Status” response code, 207 (“Multi-Status”)

300 “Multiple Choices” response code, 300 (“Multiple Choices”)

301 “Moved Permanently” response code, PUT, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 301 (“Moved Permanently”)

302 “Found” response code, 302 (“Found”)

303 “See Other” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, 303 (“See Other”)

304 “Not Modified” response code, Conditional GET, 304 (“Not Modified”)

305 “Use Proxy” response code, 305 (“Use Proxy”)

306 “Unused” response code, 306: Unused

307 “Temporary Redirect” response code, 307 (“Temporary Redirect”)

400 “Bad Request” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, 400 (“Bad Request”)

database-backed control flow, Database-Backed Control Flow

restrictions and, What Might Go Wrong?

401 “Unauthorized” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, Basic authentication, 401 (“Unauthorized”)

402 “Payment Required” response code, 402 (“Payment Required”)

403 “Forbidden” response code, 403 (“Forbidden”)

404 “Not Found” response code, HTTP Response Codes, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 404 (“Not Found”)

database-backed control flow, PUT

405 “Method Not Allowed” response code, POST Once Exactly, 405 (“Method Not Allowed”)

406 “Not Acceptable” response code, 406 (“Not Acceptable”)

407 “Proxy Authentication Required” response code, 407 (“Proxy Authentication Required”)

408 “Request Timeout” response code, 408 (“Request Timeout”)

409 “Conflict” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 409 (“Conflict”)

database-backed control flow, PUT

unauthorized access and, What Might Go Wrong?

410 “Gone” response code, PUT, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 410 (“Gone”)

411 “Length Required” response code, 411 (“Length Required”)

412 “Precondition Failed” response code, 412 (“Precondition Failed”)

413 “Request Entity Too Large” response code, 413 (“Request Entity Too Large”)

414 “Request-URI Too Long” response code, 414 (“Request-URI Too Long”)

415 “Unsupported Media Type” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, 415 (“Unsupported Media Type”)

database-backed control flow, Database-Backed Control Flow

416 “Requested Range Not Satisfiable” response code, 416 (“Requested Range Not Satisfiable”)

417 “Expectation Failed” response code, 417 (“Expectation Failed”)

500 “Internal Server Error” response code, HTTP Response Codes, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 500 (“Internal Server Error”)

501 “Not Implemented” response code, 501 (“Not Implemented”)

502 “Bad Gateway” response code, 502 (“Bad Gateway”)

503 “Service Unavailable” response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, 503 (“Service Unavailable”)

504 “Gateway Timeout” response code, 504 (“Gateway Timeout”)

505 “HTTP Version Not Supported” response code, 505 (“HTTP Version Not Supported”)

“Abusing Amazon Images” (Gertler, Nat), Designing Read-Only Resource-Oriented Services

“Universal Resource Identifiers-Axioms of Web Architecture” (Berners-Lee, Tim), URIs

A

Accept request header, Accept

Accept-Charset request header, Accept-Charset

Accept-Encoding request header, Optional Features, Accept-Encoding

compression algorithms and, Compression

Accept-Language request header, Deciding Between Representations, Accept-Language

Accept-Ranges request header, Accept-Ranges

“Accepted” 202 response code, Asynchronous Operations, 202 (“Accepted”)

access control, Request Signing and Access Control–Setting Access Policy

“Access Key ID” (Amazon), An S3 Client

access policies, Setting Access Policy

ActionScript, Other Languages, From AJAX to Ajax

XML parsers and, Other Languages

ActiveRecord, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

ActiveResource, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource

clients, making transparent with, Clients Made Transparent with ActiveResource–Parting Words

acts_as_taggable plugin, A Social Bookmarking Web Service, Model Code

ad hoc XHTML, Ad Hoc XHTML

addressability of URIs, Addressability–Addressability, Addressability, Why Addressability Matters

Age request header, Age

Ajax, Addressability

advantages/disadvantages, The Advantages of Ajax

architecture, The Ajax Architecture

cross-browser issues and, Cross-Browser Issues and Ajax Libraries

request proxying, Request Proxying

requests, Making the Request

responses, handling, Handling the Response

REST clients, as, Ajax Applications as REST Clients

AllegroServe web server library (Lisp), Other Languages

Allow request header, Allow

Amazon Web Services, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants, Introducing the Simple Storage Service

addressablity, Addressability

S3, RESTful, Resource-Oriented Architectures, Resources

client library, using, Using the S3 Client Library

wrappers, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource

Apache Tomcat, Restlet

API keys, User Accounts as Resources

APP (Atom Publishing Protocol), RESTful, Resource-Oriented Architectures, Introducing the Simple Storage Service, The Atom Publishing Protocol–Summary

collections, describing, Describing an APP collection

application forms, Hypermedia Technologies

application state, Application State Versus Resource State, State and Statelessness

application/atom+xml media types, Atom

application/json media type, JSON

application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type, Form-Encoded Key-Value Pairs

application/xhtml+xml media type, XHTML

application/xml media type, Framework-Specific Serialization Formats, Other XML Standards and Ad Hoc Vocabularies

applications and web interfaces, Applications with a Web Interface–Applications with No Web Interface

applicaton/xhtml+xml

ad hoc XHTML, Ad Hoc XHTML

Architecture of the World Wide Web, What’s a Resource?

Asynchronous JavaScript And XML (see Ajax)

asynchronous operations, Asynchronous Operations

AsyncWeb, Restlet

Atom, A Social Bookmarking Web Service, Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client, Atom–OpenSearch

“Atom Authentication” (Pilgrim, Mark), WSSE username token

atom-tools Ruby gem, A Social Bookmarking Web Service

“authenticated” messages, Link This Resource to Existing Resources

authenticated-read access policy, Setting Access Policy

authentication (HTTP), Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

authorization and, Authentication and Authorization–WSSE username token

authorization, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust–Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

authentication and, Authentication and Authorization

unauthorized access and, What Might Go Wrong?

Authorization request header, Optional Features, Basic authentication, Authorization

S3 and, Request Signing and Access Control

unauthorized access and, What Might Go Wrong?

WSSE HTTP authentication, WSSE username token

authorization token, Why Should a User Trust the HTTP Client?

AWS::S3, Introducing the Simple Storage Service, An S3 Client

Axioms of Web Architecture (Berners-Lee, Tim), Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

B

“Bad Gateway” 502 response code, 502 (“Bad Gateway”)

“Bad Request” 400 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, 400 (“Bad Request”)

database-backed control flow, Database-Backed Control Flow

restrictions and, What Might Go Wrong?

base 64 encoding, Basic authentication

Basic HTTP authentication, Optional Features, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, Basic authentication

batch operations, Batch Operations

Beautiful Soup XML parser, Python: ElementTree

Berners-Lee, Tim, URIs, Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

best practices for REST, REST and ROA Best Practices–What Problem Does this Solve?

Big Web Services, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web, The Resource-Oriented Architecture Versus Big Web Services–Conclusion

binary documents, Binary documents as APP members

bookmarks, del.icio.us: The Sample Application

controllers for, The Bookmarks Controller

management for, Remodeling the REST Way

BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), BPEL, ESB, and SOA

browser issues, Cross-Browser Issues and Ajax Libraries

buckets, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants

access policies, Setting Access Policy

buckets (S3), Object-Oriented Design of S3

Builder::XmlMarkup (Ruby), The CalendarController

Bunardzic, Alex, Resource-Oriented What Now?

bundlers controller, The Bundles Controller

Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), BPEL, ESB, and SOA

C

C programming language, Other Languages

XML parsers and, Other Languages

C#, C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest

XML parsers and, C#: System.Xml.XmlReader

C++ programming language, Other Languages

XML parsers and, Other Languages

Cache-Control header, Please cache, Cache-Control

caching, Caching–Default caching rules

calendar controller, The Calendar Controller

__call__ method, The bookmark detail view

category documents (APP), Category documents

character encoding, Encoding Issues

class HTML attribute, XHTML

client-side errors, 4xx: Client-Side Error–417 (“Expectation Failed”)

clients, Web Services Are Web Sites–Clients Made Easy with WADL

ActiveResource, making transparent with, Clients Made Transparent with ActiveResource–Parting Words

Python, using for, A Python Client for the Simple Service

representations, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client–Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client–Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client

S3, An S3 Client–The S3 Object

library, using, Using the S3 Client Library

writing, Optional Features, Writing Restlet Clients–Writing Restlet Clients

CLR (Common Language Runtime), C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest, C#: System.Xml.XmlReader

collections (APP), Collections

commas (,)

scoping information, No Hierarchy? Use Commas or Semicolons–Scale

URI design and, URI Design

Common Language Runtime (CLR), C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest, C#: System.Xml.XmlReader

Common Lisp, Other Languages

XML parsers, Other Languages

compression, Compression

conditional GET, Conditional HTTP GET, Conditional GET, Conditional GET–Conditional GET

caching and, Caching

“Conflict” 409 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 409 (“Conflict”)

database-backed control flow, PUT

unauthorized access and, What Might Go Wrong?

connectedness, Links and Connectedness–Links and Connectedness, Connectedness, Why Connectedness Matters

service versioning, Service Versioning

Connection request header, Connection

content negotiation, Deciding Between Representations

Content-Encoding header, Compression, Content-Encoding

Content-Language request header, Content-Language

Content-Length request header, Content-Length

Content-Location header, Default caching rules, Content-Location

Content-MD5 request header, Content-MD5

Content-Range request header, Content-Range

Content-Type header, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes, Content-Type

compression algorithms and, Compression

encodings and, XML and HTTP: Battle of the encodings

HTTP response and, What’s Supposed to Happen?

outgoing representations and, Outgoing Representations

S3, The S3 Object

“Continue” 100 response code, 100 (“Continue”)

control flows (prepackaged), Prepackaged Control Flows–POST Once Exactly

controllers, REST in Rails, The Bookmarks Controller–The Bundles Controller, Resources, Controllers, and Views

code, Controller Code–The UrisController

Cookie request header, Cookie

cookies, Statelessness, The Trouble with Cookies

CPAN

XML parsers and, Other Languages

“Created” 201 response code, 201 (“Created”)

creating resources, What’s Supposed to Happen?

database-backed control flow, PUT

cross-browser issues, Cross-Browser Issues and Ajax Libraries

Crypt:SSLeay module, Other Languages

CSS, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

curl, The Command Line: curl

D

data sets, Figure Out the Data Set–General Lessons, Figure Out the Data Set, Figure Out the Data Set, Figuring Out the Data Set–Figuring Out the Data Set

resources, splitting into, Split the Data Set into Resources

databases, Figuring Out the Data Set, What’s Supposed to Happen?

ActiveRecord and, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

control flow and, Database-Backed Control Flow–DELETE

Date request header, Date

DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative), RDF and RDFa

dd tag (HTML), Representing Planets and Other Places

Debian GNU/Linux, installing net/https library, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

del.icio.us web service, del.icio.us: The Sample Application–What the Sample Clients Do

DELETE method, Method Information, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries, GET, PUT, and DELETE

ActiveResource clients and, An ActiveResource Client

APP resources and, Summary

caching and, Default caching rules

faking, Faking PUT and DELETE

S3, Resources

S3::Bucket#delete method, The Bucket

safety and idempotence, Safety and Idempotence

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

user controllers and, The User Controller

UsersController and, The UsersController

web applications and web services and, Web Applications as Web Services

DELETE statement (SQL), An ActiveResource Client

Digest HTTP authentication, Optional Features, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, Digest authentication–Digest authentication

Django (Python), A Service Implementation, Frameworks for RESTful Services, Django–Conclusion

implementing resources as views, Implement Resources as Django Views–Further directions

dl HTML tag, XHTML

document (entity-body), HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

document-based protocol, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

Dojo, JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data, Dojo

DOM parsers, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

DOMIT! DOM parser (PHP), PHP

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), RDF and RDFa

E

ECMAScript standards, JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data

ElementTree (Python), Python: ElementTree

encoding issues, Encoding Issues

Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), BPEL, ESB, and SOA

entity-body, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

batch operations and, Batch Operations

form-encoding and, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

HTTP libraries and, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

Look-Before-You-Leap (LBYL) requests and, Look-Before-You-Leap Requests

PUT/DELETE, faking, Faking PUT and DELETE

scoping informations and, Scoping Information

XML documents and, What the Sample Clients Do, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

entries (Atom lists), Atom

EntriesController class, Routing

eRDF, RDF and RDFa

error (status codes)

client-side, 4xx: Client-Side Error–417 (“Expectation Failed”)

server-side, 5xx: Server-Side Error

ESB (Enterprise Service Bus), BPEL, ESB, and SOA

ETag HTTP header, Optional Features, What’s Supposed to Happen?, ETag

conditional GET and, Conditional GET, Conditional GET

Expat XML parser, Other Languages

Expect request header, Expect

“Expectation Failed” 417 response code, 417 (“Expectation Failed”)

expiration dates, signing URIs, Signing a URI

Expires request header, Expires

Extensible Open XHTML Outlines (XOXO), XHTML with Microformats

F

federation, Security

feeds (Atom lists), Atom

Firefox, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

Flash, Other Languages

Flickr

API, Method Information, REST-RPC Hybrid Architectures

statelessness and, Application State Versus Resource State

user accounts and, User Accounts as Resources

FOAF, RDF and RDFa

“Forbidden” 403 response code, 403 (“Forbidden”)

form-encoding, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

key-value pairs, Other Languages, Form-Encoded Key-Value Pairs

forms (HTML)

encoded representation of user accounts, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

form-encoded key-value pairs and, Form-Encoded Key-Value Pairs

hypermedia and, Hypermedia Technologies

linking resources and, Link the Resources to Each Other

user accounts and, Why Should User Accounts Be Resources?

XHTML 4, XHTML 4 forms

forward slash (/)

Django “house style” and, Define Resources and Give Them URIs

XPath, using, Web Services Are Web Sites

“Found” 302 response code, 302 (“Found”)

4Suite, Python: ElementTree

Framework-specific serialization formats, Framework-Specific Serialization Formats

frameworks for RESTful services, Frameworks for RESTful Services–Conclusion

From request header, From

G

“Gateway Timeout” 504 response code, 504 (“Gateway Timeout”)

GData, RESTful, Resource-Oriented Architectures, GData

gem program, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

geo microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

Gertler, Nat, Designing Read-Only Resource-Oriented Services

GET method, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries, GET, PUT, and DELETE

ActiveResource clients and, An ActiveResource Client

APP resources and, Summary

conditional HTTP, Conditional HTTP GET, Conditional GET

database-backed control flow and, GET

open-uri library and, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

partial, Partial GET

read-only resources and, Turning Requirements Into Read-Only Resources

Ruby controllers and, Resources, Controllers, and Views

S3, Resources, The Bucket

safety and idempotence, Safety and Idempotence

scoping information, Scoping Information

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

user controllers and, The User Controller

Gmail, Addressability

Ajax and, Ajax Applications as REST Clients, Don’t Bogart the Benefits of REST

“Gone” 410 response code, PUT, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 410 (“Gone”)

Google, Method Information

Calendar, Applications with a Web Interface

GData, GData

links and connectedness, Links and Connectedness

maps, Representing Maps and Points on Maps

representations and, Deciding Between Representations

Resource-Oriented Architecture and, Addressability

SOAP and, SOAP

Web Accelerator and, Why safety and idempotence matter

Gourley, David, Caching

Gregorio, Joe, Python: httplib2, Turning Requirements Into Read-Only Resources

gs:doGoogleSearch remote procedure, SOAP

GUI elements, The Ajax Architecture

gzip, Compression

H

Hadley, Marc, Describing a del.icio.us resource

hAtom microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

hCalendar microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats, Ad Hoc XHTML

hCard microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats, XHTML with Microformats, Ad Hoc XHTML

HEAD method, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries, HEAD and OPTIONS

caching and, Caching

read-only resources and, Turning Requirements Into Read-Only Resources

S3, Resources, The S3 Object

safety and idempotence, Safety and Idempotence

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

headers, The HTTP Header Top Infinity–X-WSSE

nonstandard, Nonstandard Headers–X-WSSE

standard, Standard Headers–WWW-Authenticate

hierarchy into path variables, Encode Hierarchy into Path Variables–Scale

High REST, Leftover Terminology

Host request header, Host

How to create a REST Protocol (Gregorio, Joe), Turning Requirements Into Read-Only Resources

hpricot gem, Ruby: REXML, I Guess

href attribute (link tag), XHTML 4 links

hResume microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

hReview microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

HTML, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web, XHTML 5

linking resources, Link the Resources to Each Other

XHTML and, XHTML

HTTP, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes–HTTP: Documents in Envelopes, HTTP

authentication, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, Authentication and Authorization–WSSE username token

Basic authentication, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, Basic authentication

data sets and, Split the Data Set into Resources

Digest authentication, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, Digest authentication–Digest authentication

encodings, XML and HTTP: Battle of the encodings

libraries, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

methods, The Uniform Interface

RPC-style architectures and, RPC-Style Architectures

sessions, Statelessness

standard features of, Standard Features of HTTP–Partial GET

WSSE authentication, Optional Features, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, WSSE username token

HTTP Basic authentication, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

HTTP response codes (see response codes (HTTP))

“HTTP Version Not Supported” 505 response code, 505 (“HTTP Version Not Supported”)

HTTP+POX (HTTP plus Plain Old XML), Leftover Terminology

HTTP: The Definitive Guide (Totty, Gourley), Caching

HttpClient (Java), Java: HttpClient

httplib2 (Python), Python: httplib2

HTTPS, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

certificates, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

HttpURLConnection class, Restlet

HTTPWebRequest, C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest

http_authentication Ruby plugin, A Social Bookmarking Web Service

Hybrid architectures (RPC), REST-RPC Hybrid Architectures

hypermedia, Links and Connectedness, Link This Resource to Existing Resources, Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client

descriptions, Hypermedia Descriptions

natural-language description and, Natural-Language Service Description

technologies, Hypermedia Technologies–Is WADL evil?

WADL and, WADL–Is WADL evil?

hypermedia as engine of application state (see connectedness)

I

iCalendar, Ad Hoc XHTML

idempotence, Safety and Idempotence–Why safety and idempotence matter

uniform interface, Safety and Idempotence

If-Match HTTP header, If-Match

If-Modified-Since HTTP header, Optional Features, Conditional HTTP GET, Conditional GET, If-Modified-Since

If-None-Match HTTP header, Conditional HTTP GET, If-None-Match

conditional GET and, Conditional GET

If-Range HTTP header, If-Range

If-Unmodified-Since header, If-Unmodified-Since

image/svg+xml media type, SVG

incoming representations, Incoming Representations

INSERT statement (SQL), An ActiveResource Client

“Internal Server Error” 500 response code, HTTP Response Codes, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 500 (“Internal Server Error”)

ISO 8859-1 encoding, Encoding Issues

itemsPerPage element (OpenSearch), OpenSearch

J

JAR files, Compiling, running, and testing

Java, Java: HttpClient, From AJAX to Ajax

XML parsers and, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

java.net.HttpURLConnection HTTP client, Java: HttpClient

java.net.URL object, Java: HttpClient

JavaScript, JavaScript: XMLHttpRequest

Ajax and, From AJAX to Ajax

on Demand, JavaScript on Demand

XML parsers, JavaScript: responseXML–JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data

JavaScript Object Notation (see JSON)

javax.xml.* package, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

javax.xml.stream package, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

jbucket, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource

Jetty, Restlet

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web, JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data–JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data, Representing the List of Planets, JSON

Ajax and, JSON

bookmarks, representing, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

encoding and, The character encoding of a JSON document

json Ruby gem, JSON Parsers: Handling Serialized Data

K

key-value pairs, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client, Form-Encoded Key-Value Pairs

keys (S3), A Few Words About Objects

L

language (natural) description, Natural-Language Service Description

Last-Modified HTTP header, Optional Features, Conditional HTTP GET, What’s Supposed to Happen?, Last-Modified

conditional GET and, Conditional GET, Conditional GET

LBYL (Look-Before-You-Leap) requests, Look-Before-You-Leap Requests

“Length Required” 411 response code, 411 (“Length Required”)

li HTML tag, XHTML

libcurl, PHP: libcurl

libgmail library, Ajax Applications as REST Clients

libopenssl-ruby, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

libraries

HTTP, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

S3, using, Using the S3 Client Library

standard, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants

libwww-perl (LWP), Other Languages

libxml2 library, Ruby: REXML, I Guess

PHP XML parsers and, PHP

limit parameter, The ApplicationController

link tag, XHTML 4 links

links, The Bucket List, Links and Connectedness–Links and Connectedness

hypermedia and, Hypermedia Technologies

resources to existing resources, Link This Resource to Existing Resources–Link This Resource to Existing Resources, Link This Resource to Existing Resources–What’s Supposed to Happen?

S3 clients and, Why Connectedness Matters

XHTML 4, XHTML 4 links

Linux, installing net/https library, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

Lisp, Other Languages

XML parsers, Other Languages

Location response header, Default caching rules, 3xx: Redirection, Location

Look-Before-You-Leap (LBYL) requests, Look-Before-You-Leap Requests

Lovett, Chris, C#: System.Xml.XmlReader

Low REST, Leftover Terminology

LWP (libwww-perl), Other Languages

M

Max-Forwards header, Max-Forwards

media types, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

members (APP), Collections

metadata, Representations

method information, Method Information

“Method Not Allowed” 405 response code, 405 (“Method Not Allowed”)

methods, Method Information–Method Information

S3, Resources

microformats with XHMTL, XHTML with Microformats–XHTML with Microformats

model classes, Model Code–The Bookmark Model

“Moved Permanently” 301 response code, PUT, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 301 (“Moved Permanently”)

“Multi-Status” 207 response code, 207 (“Multi-Status”)

“Multiple Choices” 300 response code, 300 (“Multiple Choices”)

MySQL, Figuring Out the Data Set

N

names for resources, Name the Resources–URI Recap

natural-language description, Natural-Language Service Description

.NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest, C#: System.Xml.XmlReader

net/http library, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

Net::HTTP class, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

NetworkCredential, C#: System.Web.HTTPWebRequest

Nielsen, Jakob, Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

“No Content” 204 response code, 204 (“No Content”)

Noelios Restlet Engine (NRE), Restlet

“Non-Authoritative Information” 203 response code, 203 (“Non-Authoritative Information”)

“Not Acceptable” 406 response code, 406 (“Not Acceptable”)

“Not Found” 404 response code, HTTP Response Codes, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, Three to Seven Status Codes: The Bare Minimum, 404 (“Not Found”)

database-backed control flow, PUT

“Not Implemented” 501 response code, 501 (“Not Implemented”)

“Not Modified” 304 response code, Conditional GET, 304 (“Not Modified”)

Nottingham, Mark, POST Once Exactly

NRE (Noelios Restlet Engine), Restlet

O

object (RDF assertion), RDF and RDFa

object-oriented design of S3, Object-Oriented Design of S3–What If S3 Was a Standalone Library?

object-relational mapping (ORM), Create the Data Model

objects, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants

S3, Object-Oriented Design of S3, The S3 Object–The S3 Object

“OK” 200 response code, HTTP Response Codes, What’s Supposed to Happen?, What Might Go Wrong?, PUT, 200 (“OK”)

modifying resources, What’s Supposed to Happen?

open-uri library, Optional Features, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

OpenSearch, OpenSearch

“Method Not Allowed” 405 response code, POST Once Exactly

OPTIONS method, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries, HEAD and OPTIONS

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

org.w3c.dom.* package, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

org.xml.sax.* package, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

ORM (object-relational mapping), Create the Data Model

outgoing representations, Outgoing Representations

overloaded POST, Overloaded POST: The not-so-uniform interface, Overloading POST

PUT/DELETE, faking, Faking PUT and DELETE

safety and idempotence, Safety and Idempotence

URI design and, URI Design

P

params parameter, using list item resources and, param[:id] for things that aren’t IDs

Park Place, Parting Words

parsers (XML), Processing the Response: XML Parsers

“Partial Content” 206 response code, 206 (“Partial Content”)

path variables

designing URIs, URI Design

encoding hierarchy into, Encode Hierarchy into Path Variables–Scale

paths (URI), HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

“Payment Required” 402 response code, 402 (“Payment Required”)

Perl, Other Languages

XML parsers, Other Languages

permanent URIs, Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

PHP, PHP: libcurl

XML parsers, PHP

Pilgrim, Mark, WSSE username token

places as resources, Split the Data Set into Resources

PNG format, Representing Maps and Points on Maps

POE (POST Once Exactly), POST Once Exactly

POE request header, POE

POE-Links header, POE-Links

POST method, Method Information, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries, POST–Overloaded POST: The not-so-uniform interface, Expose a Subset of the Uniform Interface

ActiveResource clients and, An ActiveResource Client

APP resources and, Summary

caching and, Default caching rules

objects, creating, The Bookmarks Controller

Once Exactly (POE), POST Once Exactly–POST Once Exactly

overloading, Overloaded POST: The not-so-uniform interface, Safety and Idempotence, Overloading POST, URI Design

resources, creating/appending, POST for creating a new resource

Ruby controllers and, Resources, Controllers, and Views

S3, Resources

subordinate resources, creating, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

user controllers and, The User Controller

versus PUT, New Resources: PUT Versus POST

web applications and web services and, Web Applications as Web Services

postNewAtomMember method (Atom), Describing an APP collection

Pragma header, Pragma

“Precondition Failed” 412 response code, 412 (“Precondition Failed”)

prepackaged control flows, Prepackaged Control Flows–POST Once Exactly

privacy (user accounts), Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust–Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

private access policy, Setting Access Policy

programmable web, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants–Leftover Terminology

technologies on, Technologies on the Programmable Web–WADL

Prototype, Prototype

“Proxy Authentication Required” 407 response code, 407 (“Proxy Authentication Required”)

proxy caches, Addressability

Proxy-Authenticate header, Proxy-Authenticate

Proxy-Authorization header, Proxy-Authorization

ProxyPass, Request Proxying

public-read access policy, Setting Access Policy

public-write access policy, Setting Access Policy

pull parsers, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

PUT method, Method Information, GET, PUT, and DELETE

ActiveResource clients and, An ActiveResource Client

APP resources and, Summary

caching and, Default caching rules

database-backed control flow and, PUT

faking, Faking PUT and DELETE

HTTP libraries and, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

overloading

PUT/DELETE, faking, Faking PUT and DELETE

Ruby controllers and, Resources, Controllers, and Views

S3, Resources, The S3 Object

S3::Bucket#put, The Bucket

safety and idempotence, Safety and Idempotence

uniform interface and, The Uniform Interface

user controllers and, The User Controller

UsersController and, The UsersController

versus POST, Creating subordinate resources, New Resources: PUT Versus POST

web applications and web services and, Web Applications as Web Services

Python

clients, A Python Client for the Simple Service

httplib2, Python: httplib2

XML parsers, Python: ElementTree

Q

query strings, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

query variables, Algorithmic Resource? Use Query Variables–Algorithmic Resource? Use Query Variables

URI design and, URI Design

R

Rails, Ruby on Rails–Conclusion

Range request header, Range

RDF (Resource Description Framework), RDF and RDFa

read-only resource-oriented services, Designing Read-Only Resource-Oriented Services–Conclusion

read-only web services, REST-RPC Hybrid Architectures

read/write resource-oriented services, Designing Read/Write Resource-Oriented Services–A Look Back at the Map Service

readable URIs, Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

recent bookmark controller, The Recent Bookmarks Controller

redirect loops, Optional Features

redirection, 3xx: Redirection–307 (“Temporary Redirect”)

Referer request header, Referer

regular expressions (Django), The bookmark list view

rel attribute (link tag), XHTML 4 links

rel HTML attributes, XHTML

rel-license microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

rel-nofollow microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

rel-tag microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

reliable messaging, Reliable Messaging

Remote Procedure Calls (RPC), URI

repetition model (XHTML), Link the Resources to Each Other

representations, Representations–Deciding Between Representations, Resource-Oriented Basics

addressability and, Representations Should Be Addressable

designing, Design Your Representations–Representing Lists of Search Results, Design the Representation(s) to Be Served to the Client, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client–Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client

entity-body, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

formats, Representation Formats–The character encoding of a JSON document

incoming, Incoming Representations

outgoing, Outgoing Representations

outgoing/incoming, Outgoing Representations

S3, The Bucket List

“Request Entity Too Large” 413 response code, 413 (“Request Entity Too Large”)

request headers, HTTP: Documents in Envelopes

request signing, Request Signing and Access Control–Setting Access Policy

“Request Timeout” 408 response code, 408 (“Request Timeout”)

“Request-URI Too Long” 414 response code, 414 (“Request-URI Too Long”)

“Requested Range Not Satisfiable” 416 response code, 416 (“Requested Range Not Satisfiable”)

resource

design, Resource Design

forms, Hypermedia Technologies

state, Application State Versus Resource State, The Representation Talks About the State of the Resource, State and Statelessness

Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF and RDFa

Resource-Oriented Architecture (ROA), RESTful, Resource-Oriented Architectures, The Resource-Oriented Architecture–That’s It!, REST and ROA Best Practices–What Problem Does this Solve?

addressability, Addressability–Addressability

basics, Resource-Oriented Basics

procedure, The Generic ROA Procedure

read/write, designing, Designing Read/Write Resource-Oriented Services–A Look Back at the Map Service

representations and, Representations

URIs, URIs–The Relationship Between URIs and Resources

versus Big Web Services, The Resource-Oriented Architecture Versus Big Web Services–Conclusion

resources, Resources, Designing Read/Write Resource-Oriented Services–A Look Back at the Map Service, Resource-Oriented Basics, Resources, Controllers, and Views

connecting, Connect Resources to Each Other

data sets, splitting into, Split the Data Set into Resources

design, Resource Design–Implementation: The routes.rb File, Resource Design–When In Doubt, Make It a Resource

Django, implementing views, Implement Resources as Django Views–Further directions

relationships between, Relationships Between Resources

URIs, naming resources with, Name the Resources with URIs

user accounts, User Accounts as Resources–What Might Go Wrong?

resources, defining, Define Resources and Give Them URIs

response codes (HTTP), HTTP: Documents in Envelopes, HTTP Response Codes, The HTTP Response–Conclusion, Handling the Response, The HTTP Response Code Top 42

database-backed control flow, PUT

responseXML parser (JavaScript), JavaScript: responseXML

REST (Representational State Transfer), sending representations and, State and Statelessness

rest-open-uri library, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

rest-open-uri, installing, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

Restlet (Java), A Service Implementation, Frameworks for RESTful Services, Restlet–Conclusion

services, writing, Writing Restlet Services–Compiling, running, and testing

Retry-After response header, Retry-After

rev attribute (link tag), XHTML 4 links

rev HTML attributes, XHTML

REXML, Ruby: REXML, I Guess–Python: ElementTree

REXML::document parser, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

ROA (see Resource-Oriented Architecture)

routing (Rails), Routing

RPC (Remote Procedure Calls), URI

RPC-style architectures, RPC-Style Architectures

Ruby

Amazon Web Services and, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants

HTTP client libraries, Ruby: rest-open-uri and net/http

on Rails, Ruby on Rails–The Rails/ROA Design Procedure

XML parsers and, Ruby: REXML, I Guess–Python: ElementTree

S

S3 (Simple Storage Service), The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants, Introducing the Simple Storage Service–Parting Words

addressability, Addressability

client, An S3 Client–The S3 Object

library, using, Using the S3 Client Library

connectedness and, Why Connectedness Matters

request signing and access control, Request Signing and Access Control–Setting Access Policy

S3::Bucket#delete method, The Bucket

S3::Bucket#put method, The Bucket

s3sh (command shell for Ruby), The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource

safety (HTTP methods), Safety and Idempotence–Why safety and idempotence matter

SAX parsers, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

scoping information, Scoping Information

encoding hierarchy into path variables and, Encode Hierarchy into Path Variables–Scale

script tag, Dynamically writing the script tag

search results, representing lists of, Representing Lists of Search Results–Representing Lists of Search Results

“Secret Access Key” (Amazon), An S3 Client

secret keys (S3 requests), Request Signing and Access Control

Secure Socket Layer (see SSL)

security, Security

“See Other” 303 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, 303 (“See Other”)

SELECT statement (SQL), An ActiveResource Client

semicolons (;) scoping information, No Hierarchy? Use Commas or Semicolons–Scale

server-side errors, 5xx: Server-Side Error

service documents (APP), Service document

“Service Unavailable” 503 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, 503 (“Service Unavailable”)

service versioning, Service Versioning

Service-Oriented Architecture (see SOA)

Service-Trampled REST (STREST), Leftover Terminology

services, The Building Blocks of Services–Is WADL evil?

Restlet, writing, Writing Restlet Services–Compiling, running, and testing

session affinity, Application State Versus Resource State

session replication, Application State Versus Resource State

sessions (HTTP), Statelessness

Set-Cookie response header, Set-Cookie

signatures, Security

Simple Storage Service (S3), The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants, Introducing the Simple Storage Service–Parting Words

addressability, Addressability

client, An S3 Client–The S3 Object

library, using, Using the S3 Client Library

connectedness and, Why Connectedness Matters

request signing and access control, Request Signing and Access Control–Setting Access Policy

simple-http (Common Lisp), Other Languages

Slug request header, Slug

Snell, James, Resource-Oriented What Now?

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), Leftover Terminology, BPEL, ESB, and SOA

SOAP, Method Information, SOAP, SOAP–The Resource-Oriented Alternative

POST method, overloading, Overloading POST

REST as a competitor to, Leftover Terminology

S3 and, Resources

security and, Security

SQL databases, An ActiveResource Client, Database-Backed Control Flow

square brackets ([ ]), using XPath, Web Services Are Web Sites

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), The Resource-Oriented Alternative

certificates, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

standard libraries, The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants

standardization, Description Through Standardization

startindex element (OpenSearch), OpenSearch

state (see statelessness)

statelessness, State and Statelessness, Why Statelessness Matters

application state versus resource state, Application State Versus Resource State

ROA, Statelessness–Application State Versus Resource State

STREST (Service-Trampled REST), Leftover Terminology

subject (RDF assertion), RDF and RDFa

subordinate resources, Expose a Subset of the Uniform Interface

creating, Creating subordinate resources

HTTP POST requests, creating with, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

Sun Web Services Developer Pack, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

SVG format, Representing Maps and Points on Maps, SVG

“Switching Protocols” 101 response code, 101 (“Switching Protocols”)

T

table HTML tag, XHTML

tags, del.icio.us: The Sample Application

management for, Remodeling the REST Way

TagSoup XML parser, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

TCP/IP sockets, What the Sample Clients Do

TE request header, TE

“Temporary Redirect” 307 response code, 307 (“Temporary Redirect”)

terminology of web services, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web

text/html media, XHTML

text/xml media, XML and HTTP: Battle of the encodings

TLS (Transport Layer Security), The Resource-Oriented Alternative

totalResults element (OpenSearch), OpenSearch

Totty, Brian, Caching

to_xml (Rails), Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client

connecting resources and, Connect Resources to Each Other

Framework-specific serialization formats, Framework-Specific Serialization Formats

TRACE method, Making the Request: HTTP Libraries

Trailer response header, Trailer

transactions, Transactions, Transactions

Transfer-Encoding header, Transfer-Encoding

Transport Layer Security (TLS), The Resource-Oriented Alternative

tree-style parsers, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

triple (RDF assertion), RDF and RDFa

trust (user accounts), Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust–Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust

U

UDDI, UDDI

ul HTML tag, XHTML

“Unauthorized” 401 response code, Basic authentication

“Unauthorized” 401 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, 401 (“Unauthorized”)

unauthorized access, What Might Go Wrong?

Unicode, Encoding Issues

parsing XML and, Python: ElementTree

Uniform class (Restlet), Basic Concepts

uniform interface, The Resource-Oriented Architecture, Why the Uniform Interface Matters, The Uniform Interface–Overloading POST, Why the Uniform Interface Matters

exposing subsets of, Expose a Subset of the Uniform Interface, Expose a Subset of the Uniform Interface

Universal Encoding Detector, Encoding Issues

Universal Product Codes (UPCs), RPC-Style Architectures

Universal Resource Identifier (see URIs)

“Unsupported Media Type” 415 response code, What Might Go Wrong?, What Might Go Wrong?, 415 (“Unsupported Media Type”)

database-backed control flow, Database-Backed Control Flow

“Unused” 306 response code, 306: Unused

UPCs (Universal Product Codes), RPC-Style Architectures

UPDATE statement (SQL), An ActiveResource Client

Upgrade request header, Upgrade

URI Templating, Link This Resource to Existing Resources

URIs (Universal Resource Identifier), The Programmable Web and Its Inhabitants, RPC-Style Architectures, URI, URI Recap

addressability and, Addressability

bookmarks and, del.icio.us: The Sample Application–What the Sample Clients Do, The Bookmarks Controller

controller, The URI Controller

design, URI Design

Django and, Define Resources and Give Them URIs

permanent versus readable, Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

resources, naming, Name the Resources with URIs, Name the Resources with URIs

ROAs and, URIs–The Relationship Between URIs and Resources

signing, Signing a URI

templates, URI Templates

using maximum length workarounds, Overloading POST

web clients, writing, Web Services Are Web Sites

“URL as UI” (Nielsen, Jakob), Permanent URIs Versus Readable URIs

urllib2 HTTP client, Python: httplib2, Python: httplib2

URLs (see URIs)

US-ASCII encoding, Encoding Issues

“Use Proxy” 305 response code, 305 (“Use Proxy”)

user accounts, User Accounts as Resources–What Might Go Wrong?, Remodeling the REST Way

linking resources, Link This Resource to Existing Resources–Link This Resource to Existing Resources

user controllers, The User Controller

user tags controller, The User Tags Controller

User-Agent request header, User-Agent

UsersController, The UsersController–The UsersController

UsersController#create Rails method, The User Controller

UsersController#destroy Rails method, The User Controller

UsersController#index Rails method, The User Controller

UsersController#show Rails method, The User Controller

UsersController#update Rails method, The User Controller

UTF-8 encoding, Encoding Issues

V

values (S3), A Few Words About Objects

Vary response header, Vary

VBScript, From AJAX to Ajax

vCard, Ad Hoc XHTML

Via header, Via

views, Resources, Controllers, and Views

Django, implementing resources as, Implement Resources as Django Views–Further directions

VirturalHost class (Restlet), Basic Concepts

VoteLinks, XHTML with Microformats

W

W-* technologies, WS-*

W3C’s HTML validator, The Bookmarks Controller

WADL (Web Application Description Language), WADL, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource, Clients Made Easy with WADL, Clients Made Transparent with ActiveResource, The Resource-Oriented Alternative

hypermedia technologies and, Hypermedia Technologies, WADL–Is WADL evil?

Warning response header, Warning

Web Accelerator, Why safety and idempotence matter

Web Application Description Language (see WADL)

Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), XHTML 5

web interfaces and applications, Applications with a Web Interface–Applications with No Web Interface

web service clients (see clients)

Web Service Description Language (see WSDL)

Web Services Developer Pack (Sun), Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

WebDAV, Why the Uniform Interface Matters

WeblogsController class, Routing

WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group), XHTML 5

Windows-1252 encoding, Encoding Issues

wrapper libraries, Web Services Are Web Sites

wrappers, Wrappers, WADL, and ActiveResource

WS-Addressing standard, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web

WS-ReliableMessaging, Reliable Messaging

WS-Security Extension (see WSSE HTTP authentication)

WSDL (Web Service Description Language), Method Information, WSDL, WSDL

POST method, overloading, Overloading POST

WSSE HTTP authentication, Optional Features, Authentication, Authorization, Privacy, and Trust, WSSE username token–WSSE username token

WWW-Authenticate header, What Might Go Wrong?, WWW-Authenticate

Basic authentication and, Basic authentication

Digest authentication and, Digest authentication

WSSE HTTP authentication and, WSSE username token

X

x-amz-acl header, Setting Access Policy

X-HTTP-Method-Override request header, X-HTTP-Method-Override

X-WSSE request header, X-WSSE

Xerces, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

XFN (XHTML Friends Network), XHTML with Microformats

xFolk microformat specification, XHTML with Microformats

XHTML, Representing the List of Planets, XHTML–XHTML, XHTML 5

ad hoc, Ad Hoc XHTML

microformats, XHTML with Microformats–XHTML with Microformats

XHTML 4, XHTML 4–Shortcomings of XHTML 4

XMDP (XHTML Meta Data Profiles), XHTML with Microformats

XML, Kinds of Things on the Programmable Web

ActiveRecord and, Design the Representation(s) Served to the Client

ad hoc vocabularies, Other XML Standards and Ad Hoc Vocabularies

encodings and, XML and HTTP: Battle of the encodings

parsers, Processing the Response: XML Parsers

representation of user accounts, Design the Representation(s) Accepted from the Client

SOAP, using, SOAP–The Resource-Oriented Alternative

XHTML and, XHTML

XML-RPC requests and, RPC-Style Architectures

XML for <SCRIPT>, JavaScript: responseXML

XML-RPC, RPC-Style Architectures, XML-RPC

POST method, overloading, Overloading POST

xml.sax module (Python), Python: ElementTree

XML::LibXML::Reader module (Perl), Other Languages

XML::SAX::PurePerl module (Perl), Other Languages

XML::Simple module (Perl), Other Languages

XML::XPath modules (Perl), Other Languages

XMLHttpRequest (JavaScript), JavaScript: XMLHttpRequest, JavaScript: responseXML, Ajax Applications as REST Clients, Making the Request

cross-browser issues and, Cross-Browser Issues and Ajax Libraries

XMLPull, Java: javax.xml, Xerces, or XMLPull

xml_parser_create function (PHP), PHP

XOXO (Extensible Open XHTML Outlines), XHTML with Microformats

XPath, Method Information, What the Sample Clients Do, Processing the Response: XML Parsers, Writing Restlet Clients

exposition, Web Services Are Web Sites

S3 and, The Bucket List

Y

YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It), Conclusion

Yahoo! web services, RESTful, Resource-Oriented Architectures

searching the Web with, Web Services Are Web Sites

user accounts and, User Accounts as Resources