21 Elements of Experimental Design
Factors, Blocks, and Randomization
Multi-factor Experiments and Factorial Designs
Overview
In Chapter 2, we discussed the difference between experimental and observational studies. In an experiment, the investigator creates a controlled setting in which she or he can deliberately manipulate the values of some variables (factors or independent variables) and measure the values of one or more response (or dependent) variables. We can confidently draw inferences about causation based on well-designed experiments.
In contrast, researchers exercise little or no control in observational studies. They ...
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