9 Review of Probability and Probabilistic Sampling

Overview

Probability Distributions and Density Functions

The Normal and t Distributions

The Usefulness of Theoretical Models

When Samples Surprise: Ordinary and Extraordinary Sampling Variability

Case 1: Sample Observations of a Categorical Variable

Case 2: Sample Observations of a Continuous Variable

Conclusion

Overview

The past three chapters have focused on probability—a subject that forms the crucial link between descriptive statistics and statistical inference. From the standpoint of statistical inference, probability theory provides a valuable framework for understanding the variability of probability-based samples. Before moving forward with inference, this short chapter reviews several ...

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