Lossless Information Hiding in Images

4.4. Side Match Vector Quantization–Based Schemes

From Section 4.3, we can see that the hiding capacity of the MFCVQ method is unstable and low. To improve the hiding capacity, Chang et al. proposed several information hiding algorithms [4–7] based on SMVQ. We first introduce SMVQ in Section 4.4.1, and then introduce Chang and Wu's information hiding algorithm [4] in Section 4.4.2, Chang and Lu's lossless information hiding algorithm [5] in Section 4.4.3, and Chang-Tai-Lin's lossless information hiding scheme [6] in Section 4.4.4.

4.4.1. Side Match Vector Quantization

VQ takes advantage of the high degree of correlation between individual pixels within a block without considering the similarity between neighboring blocks. In VQ, each block is coded ...