Learning C#

The Root of All Classes: Object

All C# classes, of any type, are treated as if they ultimately derive from a single class: Object. Object is the base class for all other classes.

A base class is the immediate “parent” of a derived class. A derived class can be the base to further derived classes, creating an inheritance “tree” or hierarchy. A root class is the topmost class in an inheritance hierarchy. In C#, the root class is Object. The nomenclature is a bit confusing until you imagine an upside-down tree, with the root on top and the derived classes below. Thus, the base class is considered to be “above” the derived class.

Object provides a number of methods that subclasses can and do override. These include Equals(), which determines if two objects are the same, GetType(), which returns the type of the object, and ToString(), which returns a string to represent the current object. Specifically, ToString() returns a string with the name of the class to which the object belongs. Table 11-1 summarizes the methods of Object.

Table 11-1. The Object class

Method	What it does
Equals()	Evaluates whether two objects are equivalent
GetHashCode()	Allows objects to provide their own hash function for use in collections (see Chapter 16)
GetType()	Provides access to the type object
ToString()	Provides a string representation of the object
Finalize()	Cleans up nonmemory resources; implemented by a destructor
MemberwiseClone()	Creates copies of the object; ...