Line-end normalization
The ASCII standard includes two special characters that may be interpreted as a signal to end a line of text. These are the CR (Carriage Return) and LF (Line-Feed) characters. The names of these characters are taken from the actions of a typewriter. When starting a new line, the lever on the typewriter carriage forces the roller to move the paper up by one line (the line-feed), then the typist pushes the carriage to the right so that the next letter will appear at the left edge of the paper (the carriage return). The line-feed character has an ASCII value of 10, and the carriage return character has an ASCII value of 13. On IBM mainframe systems, these characters are used to surround one record of text, so are given the ...
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