WAN links

Actually, network packets may traverse several routers and WAN links to reach the destination network, and each router traversed is called a hop. In the context of packet analysis, you should be aware that WAN links can introduce packet delivery delays or latency due to the following four major factors:

  • Physical speed-of-light propagation delay: This is the amount of time required for electrical or light signals to travel across copper/fiber cables over long distances.
  • Network routing/geographical distance: The WAN link routes are never in a straight line between points. They have to traverse major telephony switching centers and route along railways, roads, and other opportunistic paths.
  • Serialization delay into and across WAN links: The ...

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