Conventions

This book uses the following typographical conventions:

Italic

is used for the names of files, directories, host names, domain names, URLs, and to emphasize new terms when they are first introduced.

bold

is used for command names.

constant-width

is used to show the contents of files or the output from commands.

constant-bold

is used in examples to show commands or text that would be typed literally by you.

constant-italic

is used in examples to show variables for which a context-specific substitution should be made. (The variable filename, for example, would be replaced by some actual filename.)

[ option ]

When showing command syntax, we place optional parts of the command within brackets. For example, ls [ -l ] means that the -l option is not required.

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