30.1. Calculations and Operators
PHP supports the usual collection of standard operators, as shown in the following table:
PHP Arithmetic Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
+ | Addition |
− | Subtraction |
* | Multiplication |
/ | Division |
% | Modulus |
++ | Increment |
-- | Decrement |
PHP supports C-style pre and post types of increment and decrement operators. The pre operators (designated by placing the operators prior to the variable, for example, --$a) perform the operation and then return the value of the variable. The post operators (designated by placing the operators after the variable, for example, $a--) return the value of the variable and then perform the operation.
PHP Assignment Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
= | Assignment |
+= | Increment assignment |
−= | Decrement assignment |
*= | Multiplication assignment |
/= | Division assignment |
%= | Modulus assignment |
PHP Comparison Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
== | Is equal to |
=== | Exactly identical, in value and type |
!= | Is not equal to |
!== | Is not identical |
> | Is greater than |
< | Is less than |
>= | Is greater than or equal to |
<= | Is less than or equal to |
PHP Logical Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
&& or and | And |
|| or or | Or |
! | Not |
xor | Xor |
PHP Bitwise Operators
Operator | bottom |
---|---|
& | And |
| | Or |
^ | Xor |
~ | Not |
<< | Left shift |
>> | Right shift |
PHP Miscellaneous Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
?: | Condition operator |
PHP String Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
. | Concatenation |
.= | Concatenation assignment |
PHP Array Operators
Operator | Use |
---|---|
+ | Union |
PHP String Tokens
Token | Character |
---|---|
\b | Backspace |
\t | Horizontal tab |
\n | Line feed |
\v | Vertical tab |
\f | Form teed |
\r | Carriage return |
\" | Double-quote |
\' | Single-quote |
\\ | Backslash |
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