Web Standards Programmer's Reference: HTML, CSS, JavaScript®, Perl, Python®, and PHP

25.5. Calculations and Operators

Perl supports the standard operators for its various data types. The following tables outline the basic operators available in Perl.

Perl Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Use
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus
**	Exponent
++	Increment
--	Decrement

Perl Assignment Operators

Operator	Use
=	Assignment
+=	Increment assignment
-=	Decrement assignment
*=	Multiplication assignment
/=	Division assignment
%=	Modulus assignment
**=	Exponential assignment
.=	String concatenation assignment

Perl Comparison Operators

Operator	Use
==	Numeric is equal to
!=	Numeric is not equal to
>	Numeric is greater than
<	Numeric is less than
>=	Numeric is greater than or equal to
<=	Numeric is less than or equal to
eq	String equality
ne	String nonequality
gt	String greater than
lt	String less than
ge	String greater than or equal to
le	String less than or equal to

Perl Logical Operators

Operator	Use
&&	And
||	Or
!	Not

Perl Bitwise Operators

Operator	Use
&	And
|	Or
^	Xor
~	Not
<<	Left shift
>>	Right shift

Perl Miscellaneous Operators

Operator	Use
.	Object/property/method separator
?	Condition operator
delete	Delete specified object
new	Create new object
this	Reference current object
ref	Type of object (number, string, and so on)
void	Evaluate expression without return value

String Operators

Operator	Use
.	Concatenation
x	Repetition

String Tokens

Token	Character
\b	Backspace
\e	Escape
\t	Horizontal Tab
\n	Line feed
\v	Vertical Tab
\f	Form feed
\r	Carriage return
\"	Double quote
\'	Single quote
\$	Dollar sign
\@	At sign
\\	Backslash