13.3. Low-Level Interoperability Infrastructure
The low-level interoperability infrastructure refers to the protocols and standards that are used during messaging and communication. When two or more systems interact with each other, the protocol for the communication channel and the structure of the messages sent over that channel must be defined and agreed on by all the parties. This level is considered lower because it does not attach any semantic meaning to the messages or to the sequence of the messages. That is the responsibility of some higher level interoperability standard.
The development of e-Speak started prior to the introduction of web services standards such as SOAP and Web Services Description Language (WSDL). Therefore, the architects ...
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