Chapter 4. Application Protocols for the Web
The Web is an application that runs on the Internet and is implemented using a set of application-layer protocols and standards. Some application-layer protocols, such as DNS, NFS, Telnet, FTP, Gopher and HTTP, were briefly introduced in Chapter 1. This chapter expands this introduction for the protocols used by the Web focusing on application-layer standards and protocols important in the context of Web caching and replication. It starts by describing the Web's naming convention (URLs), which extends IP addresses and port numbers to allow the naming of arbitrary objects on the global network. Next we outline the DNS protocol that allows hosts to have human-readable host names like www.att.com. We ...
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