B. Primary Research Online

Primary research online builds on the web. Applications are web-browser based. In the early years of the web, research applications would start by using a web browser for access and then switch to another application or applet (often built on the Java programming language). Today’s applications are largely browser- and JavaScript-based on the client side, with server interaction for data requests. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) provides formatting codes for data presentation in browsers. The data model is the Document Object Model (DOM). In addition to JavaScript, scripting languages such as Perl, PHP, and Python, working in conjunction with web servers and database systems, serve up the dynamic web pages of online ...

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