Universal Principles of Design, Revised and Updated

1 Also known as GIGO.

2 While the garbage in–garbage out concept dates back to Charles Babbage (1864), or earlier, the term is attributed to George Fuechsel, a programming instructor who used it as a teaching device in the late 1950s. It should be noted that Fuechsel used the principle to emphasize that “garbage out” is not the inevitable result of “garbage in,” but rather a condition that should be addressed through design.