1 Also known as levels-of-processing approach.

2 The seminal work on depth of processing is “Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research” by Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972, vol. 11, p. 671–684.

3 See, for example, “Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory” by Fergus I. M. Craik and Endel Tulving, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1975, vol. 104, p. 268–294.

4 See, for example, “The Self as a Mnemonic Device: The Role of Internal Cues” by Francis S. Bellezza, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984, vol. 47, p. 506–516.

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