4
Communication of Emotions
CONTENTS
Five Kinds of Nonverbal Behavior
Markers of Emotional Expressions
Studies of the Universality of Facial Expressions
Critiques of the Studies of Universal Facial Expressions
Discovering New Facial Displays of Emotions
Vocal Communication of Emotions
Examples of Vocal Communication: Teasing and Laughter
The Communication of Emotions with the Voice
Communication of Emotions by Touch
Communicating Emotions with Touch
Emotional Expression and the Coordination of Social Interaction
Cultural Variation in Emotional Expression
Cultural Variation in Expressive Behavior
Cultural Variation of Interpretation of Emotional Expressions
Communication of Emotion in Art
Four Hypotheses from the Idea of Romanticism
Aesthetic Emotions in the Natyasastra
FIGURE 4.0 People communicate emotions in many ways, non-verbally by expressions, gestures, and touch, as well as verbally in what we say and how we say it.
… there is a kind of universal language, consisting of expressions of the face and eyes, gestures and tones of voice, which can show whether a person means to ask for something and get it, or refuse it and have nothing to do with it.
(Augustine, Confessions, 1–8)
Next time you leave a classroom, look at the students standing around and talking, perhaps hashing ...
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