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Nonlinear acoustics and its application to biomedical ultrasonics

P.A. Lewin,     Drexel University, USA

A. Nowicki,     Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

Abstract:

Nonlinear acoustics and its application to biomedical ultrasonics are reviewed. Values of the nonlinear tissue parameter B/A are given and there is a discussion of a semi-empirical finite-amplitude method of B/A determination. The calibration of hydrophone probes in the whole imaging frequency range is described. Tissue harmonic imaging and multitone nonlinear coding are outlined. Multitone nonlinear coding enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of images compared with pulse inversion. Specific requirements for minimally invasive surgery using high-intensity focused ultrasound ...

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