10.2. EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONS BETWEEN PHASES
10.2A. Phase Rule and Equilibrium
In order to predict the concentration of a solute in each of two phases in equilibrium, experimental equilibrium data must be available. If the two phases are not at equilibrium, the rate of mass transfer is proportional to the driving force, which is the departure from equilibrium. In all cases involving equilibria, two phases are involved, such as gas–liquid or liquid–liquid. The important variables affecting the equilibrium of a solute are temperature, pressure, and concentration.
The equilibrium between two phases in a given situation is restricted by the phase rule:
Equation 10.2-1
where P is the number of phases at equilibrium, C the number of total components ...
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