Introduction

Cryptography, in its broadest sense, refers to any technique for hiding information. In fact, it derives from the Greek word “kryptos, which means “hidden.” Encryption is a type of cryptography that involves applying some scheme or algorithm to convert plain text (which is intelligible to anyone) into ciphertext (“scrambled” text that cannot be understood except by those who have the key, or means to unscramble or decrypt it—even if they know the algorithm that was used to encrypt it).

Computer data can be protected or secured using encryption technologies, which form the basis of digital signatures and digital certificates. These security methods can be used to build a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to make it possible for users ...

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