CHAPTER 1

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Thinking Functionally

As you begin this book, I urge you to forget everything you know about programming and bear with me while I walk you through a high-level view of what I think programming is. To me, to program is to transform. I’ll give you a few simple examples to explain my viewpoint.

First, suppose you have some data in a database and you want to show some values in a website after performing some calculations on that data. What are you actually doing here? You are transforming the data.

That first example is obvious, but there are many other less obvious examples. Spell-checking, for example, is a transformation of a list of ...

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