CHAPTER 1: THE SURFACE WEB

The Surface Web is the most open and permissive of the three layers of cyberspace. Easily reachable via the most basic computer or mobile phone hardware, the Surface Web is something that almost everyone in the Western world and growing numbers in the developing world are becoming intimately familiar with. The Surface Web is the backbone for everyday business services such as email, web browsing, entertainment and commerce of all descriptions. With such a broad set of online resources available and the ease of access, the Surface Web is almost always the starting point of any OSINT project. Despite its ubiquity, the Surface Web does contain huge pools of data that are valuable to the investigator and often the central ...

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