The Psychology Book

IN CONTEXT

APPROACH

Memory studies

BEFORE

1885 Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes his pioneering book, Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology.

1890 William James in The Principles of Psychology makes the distinction between primary (short-term) and secondary (long-term) memory.

AFTER

1956 George Armitage Miller’s The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two revives interest in the study of memory.

1966 Jerome Bruner stresses the importance of organization and categorization in the learning process.

1972 Endel Tulving distinguishes between episodic memory (of specific events) and semantic memory (of factual information unrelated to an event or situation). ...