Chapter 2. Defect Prevention Frameworks

It is theory that decides what can be observed.

A. Einstein

He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.

Leonardo da Vinci

You may question why one of the opening chapters of a text targeted at practice would be about process theory. The best answer comes from W. Edwards Deming, who is often referred to as the father of process improvement. Deming stated that “experience alone, without theory, teaches . . . nothing about what to do to improve quality and competitive position, nor how to do it.” Deming continued, “Experience will answer a question, and a question comes from theory.”[1]

[1] W. Edwards Deming,

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