*I developed my model of learning many years ago when I discovered that I needed a way to help my clients understand that improvement proficiency isn’t a reasonable expectation after putting employees through a one- or two-day workshop nor after completing a single Black Belt project. To my happy surprise, I learned that my model aligned with the five-stage model developed by noted scholars Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert (see Stuart & Hubert Dreyfus, Mind Over Machine, Free Press, 1986). A related four-stage model that may be helpful to readers is one that’s credited to Noel Burch of Gordon Training International: unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence, unconscious ...
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