GLOSSARY

Annexation The act of annexing: of seizing new territory to append to a country or state, usually using force.

Autocracy A community or state in which unlimited authority is exercised by a single individual.

Barbarian In ancient times, a group of people, land, or culture not belonging to one of the great civilizations (Greek or Roman), and so considered less socially advanced and uncivilized.

Bourgeoisie The middle class, particularly with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

Bureaucracy A government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority.

Caliphate The rule or rank of a caliph—an Islamic spiritual and political leader regarded as the direct ...

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