RG

IN CONTEXT

FOCUS

Economic policy

KEY THINKERS

William Nordhaus (1941–)

Nicholas Stern (1946–)

BEFORE

1896 Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius predicts a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide will produce a 9–11°F rise in global surface temperature.

1920 British economist Arthur Pigou proposes levying taxes on pollution.

1992 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is signed.

1997 The Kyoto Protocol is ratified; by 2011 more than 190 countries sign up to it.

AFTER

2011 Canada retracts from the Kyoto Protocol.

Economic development and prosperity since the Industrial Revolution have come about through technology, largely driven by fuels such ...

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