RG

IN CONTEXT

FOCUS

Decision making

KEY THINKER

Robert Axelrod (1953–)

BEFORE

1859 British biologist Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, arguing that the best-adapted species are those most likely to survive.

1971 US biologist Robert Trivers publishes The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism, which shows how altruism and cooperation can benefit individuals.

AFTER

1986 US economists Drew Fudenberg and Eric Maskin explore cooperation strategies for repeated games.

1994 British economist Kenneth Binmore publishes Playing Fair, using game theory to explore the development of morality.

In 1984, US economist Robert Axelrod wrote The Evolution of Cooperation ...

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