RG

IN CONTEXT

FOCUS

Markets and firms

KEY THINKER

Joan Robinson (1903–83)

BEFORE

1849 Jules Dupuit considers how different prices can be charged for the same goods.

1891 US economist Frank Taussig says that differences in train prices reflect different levels of demand.

1920 Arthur Pigou defines the three basic types of price discrimination.

AFTER

1933 US economist Edward Chamberlin says that close competitors try to gain market power by differentiating their products.

1996 US economist Thomas Holmes shows that price discrimination is possible even in markets with only a few firms.

In the 1840s the French engineer and economist Jules Dupuit suggested that tolls ...

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