The incongruity bespeaks an underlying “fault.”

There is often a discrepancy between “what is” and what management thinks “ought to be” that represents an incongruity within an industry, a market, and a process. The incongruity may be clearly visible to the people within or close to the industry, market, or process. Insiders may notice it but think, “this is the way it has always been,” as a reason for not initiating a change. Change leaders exploit these incongruities to the organization’s advantage.

Take, for example, the unequal information in the hands of buyers and sellers of automobiles. There are a few things about buying vehicles most of us dislike. These include haggling over price, misleading ads, spending ...

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