Chapter 4. Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements
The very first CSS specification, CSS1, introduced the concepts of pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements. These are selectors that act upon information about elements that extends (or sits outside of) the document tree, such as the state of a link or the first letter of a text node. A pseudo-class differentiates among an element’s different states or types; these include—but are not limited to—those that provide information about link states: :hover, :visited, :active, and so on. A pseudo-element provides access to an element’s subpart, which includes those pseudo-elements that select portions of text nodes, ...
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