Virtualization Techniques: OS Virtualization
On the other extreme is OS-level virtualization, where what's being virtualized is the operating environment, rather than the complete machine. FreeBSD jails and Solaris Containers take this approach.
OS virtualization takes the position that the operating system already provides, or at least can be made to provide, sufficient isolation to do everything that a normal VM user expects—install software systemwide, upgrade system libraries in the guest without affecting those in the host, and so forth. Thus, rather than emulating physical hardware, OS virtualization emulates a complete OS userspace using operating system facilities.
FreeBSD jails and Solaris Containers (or Zones) are two popular implementations ...
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