Redirecting Standard Output
Earlier in the chapter, we saw how methods such as print and puts operated implicitly on $stdout. This is an important point—that is, that they operate on the variable $stdout rather than the fixed STDOUT.
This means that if we reassign $stdout to some other value, all calls to these methods—even ones made by libraries and other code that isn’t our own—will be passed to whatever we replaced $stdout with. This enables us to neatly, in a single line, redirect all of the output of our program to another place. Let’s take a look at two practical uses for this.
Redirecting All Output to a File
The only expectations that Ruby has of $stdout is that it be an IO object. As we saw in IO: Ruby’s Input/Output Class, the
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