Reorganizing the test code

We've added the test cases in the same file as the code. This is a good, simple way to add test cases to standalone scripts and applications that are not too complex. However, for larger applications, it is a good idea to keep test code separate from production code.

There are two common patterns for organizing test code this way.

The first pattern is to keep test code in a separate root directory, as shown in the following:

root
|
+- package
|  |
|  +- file1
|  +- file2
|
+- test
   |
   +- test_file1
   +- test_file2

The other pattern is to keep test code as a submodule of the main code, as shown in the following:

root
|
+- package
   |
   +- file1
   +- file2
   +- test
      |
      +- test_file1
      +- test_file2

The first pattern is commonly used for standalone ...

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