TCP/IP Address Resolution Protocol Utility (arp)
All devices on an internetwork are considered to be virtually connected at layer 3, since the process of routing lets any device communicate with any other device. However, there is no way for devices on distant networks to communicate directly. The internetwork communication at layer 3 actually consists of a number of steps, called hops, that carry the data from its source to destination. Each hop in a route requires that data be sent between a pair of hardware devices, and each transmission must use layer 2 hardware addresses. Since TCP/IP uses layer 3 addresses, this means each hop requires that we translate the IP address of the target of the hop to a hardware address. This is called address ...
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