9.4 EFFICIENCY OF A JOINT
Cylindrical and spherical vessels are made by joining plates to the required shapes. Cylindrical shells like boiler have longitudinal and circumferential joints, whereas spherical shells have only circumferential joints.
To provide a joint, holes are made in the material of the shell for the rivets. Because of the holes the area offering resistance decreases and hence the stress developed in the material also becomes more.
Hence, the hoop stress and longitudinal stresses [Equations (9.3) and (9.6)] have to be modified
where ηh and ηl are the efficiency of the hoop joint and the longitudinal joint, respectively. ...
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