11.4 FAILURE OF COLUMNS

Based on the type of loading and the slenderness ratio, a column may fail due to any one of the following stresses:

  1. Direct compressive stress
  2. Bending stress
  3. Combined direct and bending stresses.

Let a short column with area of cross section A be loaded with a compressive load P. Then, the compressive stress induced in the column is given as

 

image

 

If the compressive force is increased gradually, a stage will reach when the column will be on the point of failure by crushing. The corresponding load at the time of failure is called the crushing load Pc and the induced stress is called crushing stress fc Then

 

 

All short ...

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