Understanding BY-Group Processing Concepts

The BY statement specifies the variable or variables by which you want to interleave the data sets. In order to understand interleaving, you must understand BY variables, BY values, and BY groups.
BY variable
specifies a variable that is named in a BY statement and by which the data is sorted or needs to be sorted.
BY value
specifies the value of a BY variable.
BY group
specifies the set of all observations with the same value for a BY variable (when only one BY variable is specified). If you use more than one variable in a BY statement, then a BY group is a group of observations with a unique combination of values for those variables. In discussions of interleaving, BY groups commonly span ...

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