Specification by Example

Chapter 4. Initiating the changes

Many ideas central to Specification by Example have been around for decades. In the late 80s, Gerald Weinberg and Donald Gause wrote about communication problems with software requirements in Exploring Requirements: Quality Before Design.^[1] The authors suggested that the best way to check for completeness and consistency of requirements is to design black-box tests against them—effectively suggesting the duality of specifications and tests in Specification by Example. In 1986, the German army used what later became the V Model to describe ways to build acceptance tests before implementation for validation. Today, we use the same method but refer to acceptance tests as specifications with examples. Ward Cunningham ...