Special Edition Using Linux®, Sixth Edition

Working with Directories

Command	Syntax (Example)	Description
cd	cd [path]	Changes directory to the specified path.
	cd ..	Changes to the parent directory of the current directory.
	cd -	Changes to the previous working directory, prior to the last cd command.
	cd	Changes to the home directory of the current login ID.
	cd ~	Changes to the home directory of the current login ID.
dir		See the ls command.
ls	ls [path]	Lists the contents of a directory.
	ls -l (ll)	Lists the files in long format, displaying all file attributes.
	ls -a	Lists all files (including hidden files, sometimes referred to as dot files).
mkdir	mkdir <directory>	Makes a new directory.
pwd		Displays present working directory.
rmdir	rmdir <directory>	Removes a directory.