Each variable declared and used within a contract has a data location. EVM provides the following four data structures for storing variables:
- Storage: This is global memory available to all functions within the contract. This storage is a permanent storage that Ethereum stores on every node within its environment.
- Memory: This is local memory available to every function within a contract. This is short lived and fleeting memory that gets torn down when the function completes its execution.
- Calldata: This is where all incoming function execution data, including function arguments, is stored. This is a non-modifiable memory location.
- Stack: EVM maintains a stack for loading variables and intermediate values ...
