The Layers of the TCP/IP Model

The TCP/IP model was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in the late 1970s. A number of standards have been defined for this model and are listed in Request For Comments (RFC) documents. These documents describe the architecture and use of the various protocols and layers. The RFCs are listed and can be retrieved on the Web at http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html. For example, RFCs 0760 and 0761 describe the DoD standard Internet Protocol (IP) and standard Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), respectively.

The TCP/IP model is described as a four-layer model that functions on a common hardware platform. The four layers are Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. This model has also been commonly ...

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