11See Managers, Not MBAs (Mintzberg 2004:1–194), including the report of a study done by Joseph Lampel and me (pp. 114–119). We took from a book published by a long-term Harvard Business School insider (Ewing 1990) a list of nineteen of its superstar CEOs and tracked their performance over 13 years. Ten of these CEOs were outright failures (the company went bankrupt, the CEO was fired, a major merger backfired, etc.), and another four had questionable records at best. Just five of the nineteen seemed to do fine.

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