Shape Memory Alloy Engineering

5.4. Advanced Models with Training Effect

In this section, the 1D SMA model, proposed by Auricchio et al.⁵⁸ is presented. With the aim of providing a simple and effective formulation for modeling the pseudoelastic behavior, as well as the shape-memory effect, the analysis is herein restricted to the case of temperature higher than M_s. Thus, only austenite—single-variant martensite A → S and single-variant austenite phase S → A transformations are considered.²³ The austenite and the single variant martensite volume fractions are denoted as ξ_A and ξ_d, respectively. Because it is ξ_A + ξ_d = 1, it results:

ξA=1−ξd

(5.20)

In the following formulation, the ...