Seven Concurrency Models in Seven Weeks

Chapter 3Functional Programming

Functional Programming is like a car powered by hydrogen fuel cells​—​advanced, futuristic, and not yet widely used, but it’s what we’ll all rely on in twenty years.

In contrast to an imperative program, which consists of a series of statements that change global state when executed, a functional program models computation as the evaluation of expressions. Those expressions are built from pure mathematical functions that are both first-class (can be manipulated like any other value) and side effect–free. It’s particularly useful when dealing with concurrency because the lack of side effects makes reasoning about thread safety much easier. It is also the first model we’ll look at that allows ...