Tunneling Protocols
Tunneling is the act of encapsulating a packet within another packet. There are many tunneling protocols, each used for different reasons. For example, one of the most popular tunneling protocols is the generic routing encapsulation (GRE) protocol. It can tunnel Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) or AppleTalk packets within an IP packet. This process allows IPX- or AppleTalk-based networks to communicate over an IP-only network, such as the Internet. GRE is its own protocol; it does not ride on top of TCP or User Datagram Protocol (UDP). GRE uses IP 47 on the Internet.
Additional tunneling protocols include the Cisco proprietary L2F protocol, described in RFC 2341; PPTP, described in RFC 2637; and a hybrid protocol that combines ...
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