Mathematics
This section describes very briefly some of the mathematical concepts used in this book.
Linear algebra
Many algorithms used in machine learning such as minimization of a convex loss function, principal component analysis, or least squares regression invariably involve manipulation and transformation of matrices. There are many good books on the subject, from the inexpensive [A:2] to the sophisticated [A:3].
QR Decomposition
QR decomposition (or QR factorization) is the decomposition of a matrix A into a product of an orthogonal matrix Q and upper triangular matrix R. So, A=QR and QTQ=I [A:4].
The decomposition is unique if A is a real, square, and invertible matrix. In the case of a rectangle matrix A, m by n with m > n, the decomposition ...
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