CDP and LLDP
Cisco Systems introduced the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) in 1994 to provide a mechanism for the management system to automatically learn about devices connected to the network. CDP runs on Cisco devices (routers, switches, phones, and so on) and is also licensed to run on some network devices from other vendors. Using CDP, network devices periodically advertise their own information to a multicast address on the network, making it available to any device or application that wishes to listen and collect it.
Over time, enhancements have been made to discovery protocols to provide greater capabilities. Applications (such as voice) have become dependent on these capabilities to operate properly, leading to interoperability problems ...
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