Complexity Simplified by Modularity
When designing a system, certain concepts will naturally sit together. By placing these into shared modules, a certain amount of separation can be achieved independently of the layering discussed so far.
Object-oriented (OO) modeling promotes modularity because objects encapsulate their data, or state, and offer functionality through their interfaces. If designed correctly, the dependencies between different objects can be minimized. This reduction in dependency means that the objects are loosely coupled. Loosely coupled systems tend to be easier to maintain and evolve.
Although they are not the whole solution, you have some useful tools for modularizing your applications in Java:
A Java class improves modularity ...
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